Prematurity Related Respiratory Problems
Chronic lung Disease in Children
Long-term respiratory problems in babies who are born premature are generally termed as chronic lung diseases. It is also known as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Chronic lung Disease in Children
Premature babies have fragile lungs that are more susceptible to injuries. They are under-developed and are incapable of functioning properly in any kind of stress. This can be an infection in the neonatal period, surfactant deficiency, prolonged oxygen use or mechanical ventilation, heart disease, pulmonary interstitial emphysema, extreme prematurity (<30weeks or birth weight <1000grams).
These problems lead to lung injury and inflammation, which in turn causes lung scarring. These babies have respiratory distress at birth and need of continued mechanical ventilation or oxygen support.
How is chronic lung disease diagnosed?
It is ofte diagnosed when a baby requires oxygen support for more than 28 days of life. Chest X-rays start showing some changes suggestive of BPD after prolonged oxygen use such as haziness and intermittent areas of bubbles.